Medieval & Renaissance Manuscripts

Il fior di battaglia / Fiore dei Liberi
Italy, Venice, early 15th century
MS M.383 fol. 9v

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Pairs of combatants:
1) Scene, Sports and Games: Combat -- At upper left, pupil, holding spear with both hands at shoulder height across his body, looks and aims the spear toward master, crowned, holding spear upright with both hands, turned away from the pupil, looking back over his right shoulder at the pupil.
2) Scene, Sports and Games: Combat -- At upper right, pupil, holding spear with both hands at shoulder height, across his body, looks and aims the spear toward master, crowned, holding spear pointed downward with both hands, turned away from the pupil, looking back over his right shoulder at the pupil.
3) Scene, Sports and Games: Combat -- At lower left, pupil, holding spear with both hands at shoulder height, across his body, looks and aims the spear toward master, crowned, holding spear with both hands at shoulder height, across his body, aimed back over his right shoulder toward the pupil. Master looks back over his right shoulder toward the pupil.
4) Scene, Sports and Games: Combat -- At lower right, one of two pupils holds with both hands, raised spear, crossing spear held by second pupil, wearing garter on left leg, aiming spear at head of first pupil.