Medieval & Renaissance Manuscripts

Gospel Book
Germany, Cologne, second quarter of 11th century
MS M.651, cover

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Center plaque (beginning of 11th century):
Christ: Crucifixion -- Christ, cross-nimbed, in long loin cloth, is affixed with four nails to cross (not visible), with suppedaneum above dragon. He is flanked by Virgin Mary and Evangelist John, both nimbed, each holding book.
Four corner plaques (late 12th century):
Busts of Evangelists Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, scalloped nimbi, each holding book in left hand and gesturing with right hand.
Four plaques attached to silver-gilt book cover decorated in stamped relief and with bloodstones and crystal covering painting depicting head of Christ as Salvator Mundi (added later).