Medieval & Renaissance Manuscripts

Psalter
England, Oxford, between 1212 and 1220
MS M.43 fol. 25r

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1) Apostle, Peter: Crucifixion -- Four executioners with hammers affix Peter, nimbed, tonsured, with four nails to cross upside down.
2) Apostle, Paul: Execution -- Hand of God emerges from arc of heaven above Apostle Paul, nimbed, bald, kneeling with joined hands, before Nero, crowned, seated on cushioned bench, with crossed ankles on dais. He holds sword in right hand and looks toward executioner grasping the apostle's head and raising sword, beside Plautilla of Rome, wearing long hair, with right hand raised to breast.
3) Apostle, Andrew: Crucifixion -- Four executioners, one on ladder, all with ropes bound Andrew, nimbed, to X-cross (saltire).
4) Apostle, James Major: Martyrdom -- Hand of God emerges from cloudy arc of heaven above executioner raising sword and grasping head of James Major kneeling with hands raised toward Herod Agrippas I, crowned, seated on cushioned bench. He holds floreate scepter in right hand and raises left hand. Devil hovers at his head.
Scenes within architectural settings.