Medieval & Renaissance Manuscripts

Book of Hours
France, Paris, between 1230 and 1239
MS M.92 fol. 111v

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1) Maccabees Seven: Martyrdom -- Nimbed Maccabee kneels with joined hands raised toward male executioner. He raises sword in his right hand and with his left hand grasps one of three kneeling Maccabees, including one with joined hands raised. Scene with gold background, within decorated initial F.
2) Stephen Protomartyr: Invention of Relics (Relics carried to Jerusalem) -- Shrine reliquary is borne on draped poles by two tonsured clerics (Translation of Relics). Scene with gold background, within initial D decorated with dragon stem.
3) Lawrence of Rome: Martyrdom -- Lawrence of Rome, nude, lies bound to gridiron above flames, before crowned Emperor Decius or Valerian, who raises his right hand, commanding executioner to prod Lawrence with rod. Scene with gold background, within initial D decorated with dragon stem.
4) Virgin Mary: Death -- Five apostles in two groups mourn, standing behind Virgin Mary, veiled, lying on draped bed. Scene with gold background, within initial D decorated with dragon stem.
5) Virgin Mary: Coronation -- Crowned Virgin Mary turns and raises joined hands toward Christ, cross-nimbed, with book in His left hand and His right hand raised. Both are seated on bench. Scene with gold background, within decorated initial U.
Line endings of dog and abstract ornament on page.