Medieval & Renaissance Manuscripts

Book of Hours
France, Rouen, 1495-1503
MS M.261 fol. 77v

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Miniature:
Christ: Crucifixion -- Christ, cross-nimbed with fleur-de-lis points, wearing crown of thorns and short loin cloth, bleeding from wounds, is affixed with three nails to cross, with titulus INRI. He is flanked by two thieves, with arms broken over crosses. Below, Virgin Mary, veiled, and Holy Women, all nimbed, and Centurion and others flank Christ. In background is landscape with buildings.
Text and miniature framed by foliate border decorated with flowers and inhabited by bird, hybrid animal with snail's body, and hybrid bird. In lower border, two nude men, riding stick horses, joust with spin-wheels.