Medieval & Renaissance Manuscripts

Book of Hours
Netherlands, ca. 1500
MS M.156 fol. 7v

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Miniature:
Christ: Crucifixion -- Christ, rays as nimbus, with crown of thorns, His wounds bleeding, wearing short loincloth, is affixed with three nails to cross with titulus INRI. At left are Evangelist John, touching with his right hand, right arm of Virgin Mary, wearing wimpled veil, kneeling with joined hands, and Holy Woman, wearing turban type of headdress, touching left arm of Virgin Mary. All are nimbed. At right are three men including Stephaton, wearing hat, holding sponge on reed, another man, wearing hat with plume, and garment with fur collar, his right hand raised, and a third man, only partially visible.
Scene in landscape with tree and city in background.
Margins, left and lower:
1) Christ: in Gethsemane -- Christ, nimbed, with joined hands extended, kneels before large stone, within wattle fence. Three apostles, nimbed, sleep in foreground.
2) Christ: Betrayal -- Christ, nimbed, His right hand touching right hand of Malchus (?), is embraced by Judas. Behind Judas are three soldiers. Behind Christ, man holds loop of rope (?) above His head.
3) Christ: before Pilate -- Christ, nimbed, rope (?) around chest, His hands bound, is flanked by two men, one wearing helmet, the other grasping His left arm, and is followed by four (?) soldiers. All stand before Pontius Pilate, wearing pointed hat, holding rod or scepter with right hand, standing in niche or doorway in building with brick walls.
4) Christ: Flagellation -- Christ, nimbed, wearing short loincloth, His arms behind Him, bleeds from wounds. He is flanked by two men each raising stick (?) with right hand and holding with left hand, rope binding His hands.